Power and Fairness in a Generalized Ultimatum Game

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Power and Fairness in a Generalized Ultimatum Game

Power is the ability to influence others towards the attainment of specific goals, and it is a fundamental force that shapes behavior at all levels of human existence. Several theories on the nature of power in social life exist, especially in the context of social influence. Yet, in bargaining situations, surprisingly little is known about its role in shaping social preferences. Such preferenc...

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Fairness versus reason in the ultimatum game.

In the Ultimatum Game, two players are offered a chance to win a certain sum of money. All they must do is divide it. The proposer suggests how to split the sum. The responder can accept or reject the deal. If the deal is rejected, neither player gets anything. The rational solution, suggested by game theory, is for the proposer to offer the smallest possible share and for the responder to acce...

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Expectations and fairness in a modified Ultimatum game

Non-cooperative game theory predicts that Allocators in Ultimatum games will take almost all the 'cake'. Experimental evidence is in sharp contrast with this prediction, as several experiments show that the modal offer is the even split. Interpretations of such results usually make reference to two competing explanations. One invokes the notion of fairness; the second argues that in the absence...

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Evolution of Fairness in the Not Quite Ultimatum Game

The Ultimatum Game (UG) is an economic game where two players (proposer and responder) decide how to split a certain amount of money. While traditional economic theories based on rational decision making predict that the proposer should make a minimal offer and the responder should accept it, human subjects tend to behave more fairly in UG. Previous studies suggested that extra information such...

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Evolution of fairness in the one-shot anonymous Ultimatum Game.

Classical economic models assume that people are fully rational and selfish, while experiments often point to different conclusions. A canonical example is the Ultimatum Game: one player proposes a division of a sum of money between herself and a second player, who either accepts or rejects. Based on rational self-interest, responders should accept any nonzero offer and proposers should offer t...

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: PLoS ONE

سال: 2014

ISSN: 1932-6203

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099039